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The terrestrial photovoltaics market has been dominated from the beginning by crystalline silicon and by cast multicrystalline silicon. Continuing improvements in materials quality and innovative designs are responsible for keeping silicon solar cells at a market share of about 85%. However, in the past two years, thin-film solar modules based on amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride, and copper indium...
Materials play a key role in whether a hydrogen-based energy economy, with its promise of clean, sustainable energy, will become a reality. Materials will be crucial in the production, distribution, storage, and utilization of hydrogen with the number of materials interacting with hydrogen being a key challenge.
More efficient and higher performance photovoltaic solar cells continue to be developed for spacecraft power and are beginning to be developed for terrestrial concentrators. The need for high-efficiency and low-cost solar cells drives research into new materials and new materials applications. An overview of active areas of research into high-performance solar cells is presented in this article.
Chemical vapor synthesis (CVS) is a process for making fine solid particles by the vapor-phase chemical reactions of precursors. At the University of Utah, this process has been applied to the synthesis of the aluminides of titanium and nickel, other metallic and intermetallic powders, and subsequently aluminum nanopowder and WC-Co nanocomposite powder. This work has demonstrated that it is possible...
Solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can be used for efficient energy conversion with a variety of fuels. The fuel tolerance of SOFCs is due primarily to the high operating temperature, which accelerates reactions in the fuel. However, the high temperature accelerates unwanted reactions and creates materials challenges, so intermediate-temperature SOFCs are being developed. Reduction of the operating temperature...
In recent years, there have been significant technological advancements in the manufacturing, types, and applications of biosensors. Applications include clinical and non-clinical diagnostics for home, bio-defense, bio-remediation, environment, agriculture, and the food industry. Biosensors have progressed beyond the detection of biological threats such as anthrax and are finding use in a number of...
Choong-Un Kim is an associate professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Texas at Arlington and the JOM advisor from the Thin Films and Interfaces Committee of the TMS Electronic, Magnetic, & Photonic Materials Division.
Mina Primavera, a hematite (Fe2O3) mine located in southern Peru, was exploited beginning approximately 2,000 years ago by two Andean civilizations, the Nasca and Wari. Despite the importance of hematite in the material culture of the ancient Americas, few hematite mines have been reported in the New World literature and none have been reported for the Central Andes. An estimated 3,710 tonnes of hematite...
Palladium and platinum metals or their alloys have been used in fuel cells as membranes for the separation and purification of hydrogen from other gases for more than 50 years. This technology has generated a great deal of interest with the recent growth of the fuel cell industry as an enabling technology in the future commercial application of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system.
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